My research examines the intersection of technology, economics, and policy, with a particular focus on the economics, evolution, and regulation of digital infrastructures, platforms, and the Internet ecosystem. I publish in peer-reviewed journals, edited volumes, and policy-oriented outlets, combining theoretical, empirical, and interdisciplinary perspectives.
This page provides an overview of my academic publications, including journal articles, book chapters, and edited works, as well as selected policy papers and reports. Wherever possible, I link to open-access versions or publisher pages to make my work easily accessible to both academic and non-academic audiences.
Journal Articles & Conference Proceedings
- Batzner, J., Stocker, V., Schmid, S., & Kasneci, G. (2025). Sycophancy Claims about Language Models: The Missing Human-in-the-Loop. ICLR 2025 Workshop on Bidirectional Human-AI Alignment.
- Frias, Z., Lehr, W., & Stocker, V. (2025). ‘Building an Ecosystem for Mobile Broadband Measurement: Methods and Policy Challenges’, Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102905
- Mayer, A.-T., Wedel, L., Batzner, J., Hendrickx, J., Bremer, E., Iwan, A., Stocker, V., & Ohme, J. (2025). News on TikTok: An Annotated Dataset of TikTok Videos from German-Speaking News Outlets in 2023. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 19(1), 2519-2528. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35953
- Sekwenz, M.-T., Gsenger, R., Stocker, V., Görnemann, E., Talypova, D., Parkin, S., Greminger, L., & Smaragdakis, G. (2025). Can’t LLMs do that? Supporting Third-Party Audits under the DSA: Exploring Large Language Models for Systemic Risk Evaluation of the Digital Services Act in an Interdisciplinary Setting. Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work (CHIWORK ’25 Adjunct). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 15, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3707640.3731929
- Stocker, V., & Lehr, W.H. (2025). The Growing Complexity of Digital Economies over the GenAI Waterfall: Challenges and Policy Implications. Network Law Review. Available at: https://www.networklawreview.org/stocker-lehr-ecosystem/
- Lutz, C., Whalley, J., & Stocker, V. (2025). FREELANCING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: UNDERSTANDING FIVERR WITHIN THE GIG ECONOMY. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2024i0.13994
- Schrepel, T., & Stocker, V. (eds.) (2024). Dynamics of Generative AI, Symposium published on the Network Law Review, https://www.networklawreview.org/category/ai-dynamics/ [Online Symposium]
- Lehr, W.H., & Stocker, V. (2024). AI Regulation and 6G: The Measurement Ecosystem Challenge, Dynamics of Generative AI (ed. Thibault Schrepel & Volker Stocker), Network Law Review. Available at: https://www.networklawreview.org/lehr-stocker-generative-ai/ [Contribution to Online Symposium]
- Schrepel, T., & Stocker, V. (2024). Introduction to the symposium on Generative AI, Dynamics of Generative AI (ed. Thibault Schrepel & Volker Stocker), Network Law Review. Available at: https://www.networklawreview.org/schrepel-stocker-introduction/ [Contribution to Online Symposium]
- Lehr, W.H., & Stocker, V. (2023). Next-generation networks: Necessity of edge sharing. Front. Comput. Sci. 5:1099582.
- Briglauer, W., Cambini, C., Gugler, K., & Stocker, V. (2023). Net neutrality and high-speed broadband networks: evidence from OECD countries. European Journal of Law and Economics, 55 (3), 533-571.
- Stocker, V., Smaragdakis, G. and Lehr, W.H. (2020). The State of Network Neutrality Regulation. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 50(1), 45-59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3390251.3390258.[PDF]
- Briglauer, W., Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2020). Public Policy Targets in EU Broadband Markets: The Role of Technological Neutrality. Telecommunications Policy, 44(5), June, Article 101908, available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101908
- Stocker, V. and Knieps, G. (2019). Network Neutrality Through the Lens of Network Economics. Review of Network Economics, 17(3), 115-150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2019-0025
- Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2019). Who Replies to Consultations, and What Do They Say? The Case of Broadband Universal Service in the UK. Telecommunications Policy, 43(8), Article 101823, available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308596118302192
- Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2018). Speed Isn’t Everything – A Multi-criteria Analysis of the Broadband Consumer Experience in the UK,Telecommunications Policy, 42(1), 1-14, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.06.001
- Stocker, V., Smaragdakis, G., Lehr, W.H. and Bauer, S. (2017). The Growing Complexity of Content Delivery Networks: Challenges and Implications for the Internet Ecosystem, Telecommunications Policy, 41(10), 1003-1016, DOI: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308596116302476 [PDF]
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2016). Price and QoS Differentiation in all-IP Networks, International Journal of Management and Network Economics, 3(4), 317-335, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJMNE.2016.079877
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2015). Network Neutrality Regulation – The Fallacies of Regulatory Market Splits, Intereconomics, 50(1), 46-51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-015-0524-4
Books
- Stocker, V. (2020). Innovative Capacity Allocations for All-IP Networks: A Network Economic Analysis of Evolution and Competition in the Internet Ecosystem, Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie, Nomos: Baden-Baden [Doctoral Thesis; awarded with Südwestmetall-Förderpreis], DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748902607-1
- Whalley, J., Stocker, V., & Lehr, W.H. (eds.). (2023). Beyond the Pandemic? Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Telecommunications and the Internet. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781802620498
- Stocker, V., Birke, F., Brunekreeft, G., & Weiß, H. J. (eds.) (2023). Perspektiven der Netzökonomie: Beiträge zu Ehren von Günter Knieps. Nomos: Baden-Baden. https://www.nomos-shop.de/en/p/perspektiven-der-netzoekonomie-gr-978-3-7560-0497-3
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (eds.) (2019). The Future of the Internet: Innovation, Integration and Sustainability. Nomos: Baden-Baden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748902096
Book Chapters
- Lehr, W.H., & Stocker, V. (2024). Competition Policy over the Generative AI Waterfall. In: A. Abbott & T. Schrepel (eds.) AI and Competition Policy, Concurrences (pp. 335-358). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5131798
- Meier, P., Stocker, V. & Schildhauer, T. (2024). Imperative zur Abgrenzung der strategischen Implementierung digitaler Plattformgeschäftsmodelle im B2B-Bereich. In: Digitale Plattformen und Ökosysteme im B2B-Bereich (pp. 25-63). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43130-3_2
- Whalley, J., Stocker, V., & Lehr, W.H. (2023). Prelims. In: Whalley, J., Stocker, V. and Lehr, W.H. (eds.), Beyond the Pandemic? Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Telecommunications and the Internet . Emerald Publishing Limited, i-xix. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781802620498
- Whalley, J., Stocker, V., & Lehr, W.H. (2023). Introduction. In: Whalley, J., Stocker, V. and Lehr, W.H. (eds.), Beyond the Pandemic? Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Telecommunications and the Internet . Emerald Publishing Limited, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781802620498
- Stocker, V., Lehr, W.H., & Smaragdakis, G. (2023). COVID-19 and the Internet: Lessons learned. In: Whalley, J., Stocker, V. and Lehr, W.H. (eds.), Beyond the Pandemic? Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Telecommunications and the Internet . Emerald Publishing Limited, 17-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-049-820231002
- Stocker, V., Whalley, J., & Lehr, W.H. (2023). Beyond the Pandemic: Towards a Digitally Enabled Society and Economy. In: Whalley, J., Stocker, V. and Lehr, W. (eds.), Beyond the Pandemic? Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Telecommunications and the Internet . Emerald Publishing Limited, 245-265. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-049-820231012
- Birke, F., Brunekreeft, G., Stocker, V., & Weiß, H. J. (2023). Einführungsbeitrag der Herausgeber. In: Stocker, V., Birke, F., Brunekreeft, G., and Weiß, H. J. (eds.). Perspektiven der Netzökonomie: Beiträge zu Ehren von Günter Knieps. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 9-30.
- Stocker, V. and Knieps, G. (2021). Digitalizing Telecommunications – Innovation, Complexity, and Diversity in the Internet Ecosystem. In: Finger, M. and Moreno, J. (eds.), A Modern Guide to the Digitalization of Infrastructure, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham UK et al., 59-91.
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2019). Introduction. In: Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (eds.), The Future of the Internet: Innovation, Integration and Sustainability. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 7-10.
- Stocker, V. (2019). Ecosystem Evolution and End-to-End QoS on the Internet: The (Remaining) Role of Interconnections. In: Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (eds.), The Future of the Internet: Innovation, Integration and Sustainability. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 171-193.
Working Papers, Conference Papers, Policy Notes, etc. (Selection)
- Stocker, V. , & Mandalari, A.M. (2025). Governing IoT Cybersecurity in the Digital Single Market: A Techno-Economic and Policy Analysis of the EU Cyber Resilience Act (August 10, 2025). Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5386101
- Lehr, W.H., & Stocker, V. (2025). The Growing Complexity of Digital Economies over the GenAI Waterfall: Challenges and Policy Implications. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5264300
- Cooper, Z., Lehr, W.H., & Stocker, V. (2025). The New Age: Legal & Economic Challenges to Copyright and Creative Economies in the Era of Generative AI. The Digital Constitutionalist, 23 January. Available at: https://digi-con.org/the-new-age-legal-economic-challenges-to-copyright-and-creative-economies-in-the-era-of-generative-ai/
- Cooper, Z., Lehr, W.H., & Stocker, V. (2024). The New Age: Legal & Economic Challenges to Copyright and Creative Economies in the Era of Generative AI. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5022340
- Dalla Preda, M., Egelman, E., Mandalari, A., Stocker, V., Tapiador, J., and Vallina-Rodriguez, N. (2024). EU Cyber Resilience Act: Socio-Technical and Research Challenges (Dagstuhl Seminar 24112). Dagstuhl Reports, 14(3), pp. 52-74.
- Testart, C., Stocker, V., Clark, D.D., & Lehr, W.H. (2024). (Reimagining) Resilience Goals for the Internet (August 30, 2024). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4942003 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4942003
- Stocker, V., Mariotte, N., Ullrich, A., & Rejeski, D. (2024). ICT Sustainability Reporting Strategies of Large Tech Companies: Changes in Format, Scope, and Content (August 15, 2024). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4927128
- Whalley, J., Stocker, V., & Lutz, C. (2024). Freelancing In The Digital Age: Understanding Fiverr Within The Gig Economy. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research.
- Batzner, J., Stocker, V., Schmid, S., & Kasneci, G. (2024). GermanPartiesQA: Benchmarking Commercial Large Language Models for Political Bias and Sycophancy. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.18008.
- Lehr, W.H., and Stocker, V. (2024). ‘Comments to the European Commission’s Call for Contributions on the Topic of “Competition in Virtual Worlds and Generative AI”’ (March 11, 2024). Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4813002
- Whalley, J., Stocker, V., and Lutz, C. (2024). ‘A platform for doers? Fiverr and the gig economy’ (April 19, 2024). Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4800456
- Whalley, J., and Stocker, V. (2023). ‘Old technologies in a modern communications landscape: public call boxes and universal service’, 32nd ITS European Conference – Realising the digital decade in the European Union – Easier said than done?, Madrid, Spain, 28-20 June 2023. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/278022/1/Whalley-Stocker.pdf
- Frias, Z., Lehr, W., Stocker, V., and Mendo, L. (2023). ‘Measuring NextGen Mobile Broadband: Challenges and Research Agenda for Policymaking’, 32nd ITS European Conference – Realising the digital decade in the European Union – Easier said than done?, Madrid, Spain, 28-20 June 2023. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/277959
- Stocker, V., & Lehr, W.H. (2022). Regulatory Policy for Broadband: A Response to the ‘ETNO Report’s’ Proposal for Intervention in Europe’s Internet Ecosystem. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4263096 [Whitepaper]
- Stocker, V., Knieps, G., and Dietzel, C. (2021). The Rise and Evolution of Clouds and Private Networks – Internet Interconnection, Ecosystem Fragmentation, August 23, 2021. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3910108
- Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2021). The Internet has coped well with Covid-19, but problems remain – Evidence to House of Lords Committee exploring the impact of Covid-19, Position Paper, Weizenbaum Series 15, https://doi.org/10.34669/wi.ws/15.
- Stocker, V., Kolleck, A., Brause, S.R. and Schawe, N. (2021). ‘Navigating the Landscape of the Sharing and Gig Economy Literature: A Systematic and Interdisciplinary Review’, 19 January, available: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3773458
- Briglauer, W. and Stocker, V. (2020). Bedeutung digitaler Infrastrukturen und Dienste und Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Resilienz in Krisenzeiten, EcoAustria Policy Note Nr. 42.
- Frías, Z. and Stocker, V. (2020b). The Economics of Infrastructure Sharing in 5G Networks, Technology Policy and Ethics IEEE Future Directions Newsletter, available: https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/tech-policy-ethics/july-2020/the-economics-of-shared-infrastructure-in-5g-networks/.
- Frías, Z. and Stocker, V. (2020a). Zur Ökonomie gemeinsamer Ressourcennutzung in 5G Netzen, Ökonomenstimme, available:https://www.oekonomenstimme.org/artikel/2020/04/zur-oekonomie-gemeinsamer-ressourcennutzung-in-5g-netzen/
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2020). Die Zukunft des Internets: Innovation, Integration und Nachhaltigkeit, Ökonomenstimme, available: https://www.oekonomenstimme.org/artikel/2020/01/die-zukunft-des-internets–innovation-integration-und-nachhaltigkeit/
- Kolleck, A. and Stocker, V. (2020b). Carsharing in der Krise: Das Ende des Teilens?, Kurz kommentiert, Wirtschaftsdienst, 100(7), S. 478, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10273-020-2686-3
- Kolleck, A. and Stocker, V. (2020a). Car Sharing in der Krise — Wie beeinflusst Covid-19 die individuelle Mobilität?, Ökonomenstimme, available: https://www.oekonomenstimme.org/artikel/2020/06/car-sharing-in-der-krise–wie-beeinflusst-covid-19-die-individuelle-mobilitaet/
- Stocker, V. (2020). What is the future of the Internet?, International Telecommunication Society Blog, January, available: https://itsworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/What-is-the-future-of-the-Internet.pdf
- Briglauer, W., Cambini, C., Gugler, K. and Stocker, V. (2020). ‘Net Neutrality and High-Speed Broadband Networks: Evidence from OECD Countries’, Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics. Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, available: https://www.wu.ac.at/fileadmin/wu/d/ri/regulation/wp_net_neutrality_2020_12_30.pdf.
- Briglauer, W., Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2019). ‘Public Policy Targets in EU Broadband Markets: The Role of Technological Neutrality’, Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics. Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, available: https://epub.wu.ac.at/6773/.
- Shukla, A. and Stocker, V. (2019). ‘Navigating the Landscape of Programmable Networks: Looking beyond the Regulatory Status Quo’. TPRC47: Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy, Washington D.C., USA, 2019, available:https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3427455
- Briglauer, W. and Stocker, V. (2019b). Ist Netzneutralität tatsächlich gut? Eine Neubewertung vor dem Hintergrund der Regulierung in den USA und in der EU sowie aktueller Forschungsergebnisse, EcoAustria Policy Note Nr. 28.
- Briglauer, W. and Stocker, V. (2019a). Netzneutralitätspolitik in den USA und in der EU: Stand der Literatur und Politikempfehlungen, Ökonomenstimme, available: https://www.oekonomenstimme.org/artikel/2019/10/netzneutralitaetspolitik-in-den-usa-und-in-der-eu-vergleich-und-politikempfehlungen/
- Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2017). ‘Who Replies to Consultations, and What Do They Say? The Case of Broadband Universal Service in the UK’,Paper presented at the 28th European Regional ITS Conference, Passau, Germany, 30 July – 2 August 2017.
- Stocker, V., Smaragdakis, G., Lehr, W.H. and Bauer, S. (2016). ‘Content is King, (Peering) Location is Emperor: A Progress Report on the Evolution of Content Delivery in the Internet’, Paper presented at the 27th European Regional ITS Conference, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016.
- Stocker, V. and Whalley, J. (2016). ‘Speed isn’t everything – A multi-criteria analysis of broadband access speeds in the UK’, Paper presented at the 27th European Regional ITS Conference, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016.
- Stocker, V. (2015). ‘Interconnection and Capacity Allocation for All-IP Networks: Walled Gardens or Full Integration?’, Paper presented at the 43rdResearch Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy (TPRC), George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 25-27 September 2015, available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2587833
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2014c). ‘Der Irrweg einer regulatorischen Marktspaltung – Netzneutralitätsregulierung ante portas’, Ökonomenstimme, available: http://www.oekonomenstimme.org/artikel/2014/06/der-irrweg-einer-regulatorischen-marktspaltung–netzneutralitaetsregulierung-ante-portas/
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2014b). ‘The Fallacies of Regulatory Market Splits – Network Neutrality Regulation ante Portas’, Institute for Transport Economics and Regional Policy, Discussion Paper No. 151, available at: http://portal.uni-freiburg.de/vw/files/files-publikationen/disk/disk151
- Knieps, G. and Stocker, V. (2014a). ‘Market Driven Network Neutrality and the Fallacy of a Two-Tiered Internet Traffic Regulation’, Paper presented at the 42nd Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy (TPRC), George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 12-14 September 2014, available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract/=2480963 or http://portal.uni-freiburg.de/vw/files/files-publikationen/disk/disk149
- Stocker, V. (2013b). ‘Internet Evolution and Overlay Networks – A Network Economic Analysis’, Paper presented at the 5th Ph.D. Seminar of the International Telecommunications Society, Florence, Italy, 23-24 October 2013.
- Stocker, V. (2013a). ‘On the weal and woe of Internet traffic management in Europe: A critical appraisal from a network economic perspective’, Paper presented at the 24th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society, Florence, Italy, 20-23 October 2013, available at: http://econstor.eu/handle/10419/88542